Whenever we refer to the quality of the wine, we must speak of a series of factors or elements that intervene, in a decisive way, in the achievement of the product -wine-.
Each one of them plays a fundamental role in the elaboration of the broths, and the sum of all of them will be the final result of a great wine.
Surely you will find some other factor that influences or intervenes, even in a lower percentage, but all of them play a role of great relevance.
Factors that affect the quality of a good wine
Among the factors that affect the quality of the wine, we have natural factors and more human factors
Natural factors
The land
The soil where the vine is planted is made up of different rock particles of different sizes, organic matter, nutrients, and minerals.
Speaking of viticulture, when soil is poor in nutrients it is much better for the quality of the wine, that it has good drainage and that it has the ability to retain the water necessary for the plant are essential elements for the wine.
The climate and weather
It is vitally important that you know the difference between climate and weather.
So, the climate is the average of weather characteristics over a period of time of several years.
Time is the alterations that occur within these characteristics.
One thing is clear: the warmer the climate, the more powerful the wines that grow there will be, they will have more body and more alcohol; however when it is cold the wine is born more acidic and refreshing.
Grape varieties or types
The variety of the grape is essential to determine what character the wine will have.
Well, only one of them, known as Vitis Vinífera, is used to make wine.
It is very important that we take into account the type of grape that is used since it will affect the quality of the wine, they will be the ones that will offer a unique and incomparable flavor to the wines. It should be said that a wine can be produced directly from a single type of grape or from a variety of them.
Human factors affecting wine quality
Winemaking
Once the grape harvest or collection has been carried out, the good knowledge of the winegrower and the oenologist is essential and decisive in the quality of the wine. In this process, we talk about the temperature in the fermentation, the filtering and clarification process, a possible mixture of varietals, type of barrel for aging.
Within this point, we can also talk about the aging and evolution of wine.
When we talk about aging in oak barrels, the wines obtain the tannins and aromas of the wood that give them greater complexity. The wood allows oxygen to pass through, so the wine also ages. Only the wines with the greatest structure and concentration will be those that can withstand long aging periods.
If we talk about an evolution in the bottle, the result is different: the wine will be rounded and perfected. If we leave it in the bottle for 5 to 10 years (depending on the wine, of course), it can reach its highest degree of quality, then it will begin to slowly decline.